Solubility depends on which of the following factors

The average kinetic energy of the solute molecules also increases with temperature, and it destabilizes the solid state. The increased vibration kinetic energy of the solute molecules causes them to be less able to hold together, and thus they dissolve more readily. A useful application of solubility is recrystallizaton. During recrystallization, an impure substance is taken up in a volume of solvent at a temperature at which it is insoluble, which is then heated until it becomes soluble.

The impurities dissolve as well, but when the solution is cooled, it is often possible to selectively crystallize, or precipitate, the desired substance in a purer form. Solubility of a gas in water tends to decrease with increasing temperature, and solubility of a gas in an organic solvent tends to increase with increasing temperature.

Several factors affect the solubility of gases: one of these factors is temperature. In general, solubility of a gas in water will decrease with increasing temperature: colder water will be able to have more gas dissolved in it.

Solubilities of Gases in Water : Methane, oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and helium all have different solubilities in water, but all of them become less soluble with increasing temperature.

When the temperature of a river, lake, or stream is raised abnormally high, usually due to the discharge of hot water from some industrial process, the solubility of oxygen in the water is decreased. In severe cases, temperature changes can result in large-scale fish kills. The trend that gas solubility decreases with increasing temperature does not hold in all cases. While it is in general true for gases dissolved in water, gases dissolved in organic solvents tend to become more soluble with increasing temperature.

There are several molecular reasons for the change in solubility of gases with increasing temperature, which is why there is no one trend independent of gas and solvent for whether gases will become more or less soluble with increasing temperature. For solids and liquids, known as condensed phases, the pressure dependence of solubility is typically weak and is usually neglected in practice.

However, the solubility of gases shows significant variability based on pressure. Typically, a gas will increase in solubility with an increase in pressure.

When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, pressure has an important effect on the solubility. William Henry, an English chemist, showed that the solubility of a gas increased with increasing pressure. Mixing of milk with water is due to. Nail varnish does not dissolve in water because the water particles are not attracted to the nail varnish particles. They remain clumped together and we can still see the nail varnish in the water. We say that the nail varnish is insoluble in water and has formed a suspension.

Answer: Water based paints contain microscopic plastic particles of binder, filler and pigment, dissolved in water. Water based paints are water soluble, but become water-resistant when dry.

Enamel paint can be used on copper, metal surfaces, glass, wood, plastic and even on walls. The paint is resistant to moisture and its perfect for surfaces that need to be washed multiple times. Acetone is the strongest solvent, so it removes the varnish the quickest, but it can also dry out skin acetone can dissolve nail polish, so it can dissolve skin oils too. Acetone dissolves the resins that hold the varnish to the nail, causing the nail polish to be removed without difficulty.

Paint thinner is diluted with different substances, depending on its original formulation. Paint thinners differ according to the paint formulation being thinned. Oil-based paints are not water soluble and therefore require a mineral oil-based thinner. In other words, it is insoluble in water. Instead, a nonpolar solvent such as paint thinner must be used to dissolve nonpolar paint.

This is because water is polar whilst paint thinner is non-polar. Nonpolar solvents include alkanes pentane, hexane, and heptane and aromatics benzene, toluene, and xylene. Nonpolar organic solvents are used as spot removers, paint thinners, nail polish removers, glue solvents, and are also used in perfumes and detergents.

Acetone is a polar molecule because it has a polar bond, and the molecular structure does not cause the dipole to be canceled. During the cleaning process, these voids may trap components of the cleaning formulation. Since acrylics are non-conducting, acrylic paint surfaces may build up static charge, attracting dirt particles from the environment. Acrylics are sensitive to water and polar solvents, raising cleaning issues. Dissolution is the process where a solute in gaseous, liquid, or solid phase dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

Solubility is the maximum concentration of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. At the maximum concentration of solute, the solution is said to be saturated. A solvent is the substance that does the dissolving — it dissolves the solute. In salt solution, water is the solvent. During dissolving, particles of solvent collide with particles of solute.

They surround the particles of solute, gradually moving them away until the particles are evenly spread through the solvent. A mixture in which a substance has fully dissolved in water is called a solution and the substance is said to be soluble. In this example, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.

A mixture in which a substance does not dissolve in water is called a suspension and the substance is said to be insoluble. All processes that involve the interaction of atoms are chemical.

Dissolving salt in water is a chemical reaction. If you put a lump of paraffin wax, which consists of many carbon and hydrogen bonds, into water, it remains as a lump. Substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble. Sand and flour are examples of insoluble substances…. Bob should add table salt to the solution.

According to the common-ion effect, the additional Cl - ions would reduce the solubility of the silver chloride, which maximizes the amount of solid silver chloride. Allison has always wanted to start her own carbonated drink company. Recently, she opened a factory to produce her drinks.

She wants her drink to "out-fizz" all the competitors. That is, she wants to maximize the solubility of the gas in her drink. Butters is trying to increase the solubility of a solid in some water. He begins to frantically stir the mixture. Should he continue stirring? Why or why not? He stop stop stirring. Stirring only affects how fast the system will reach equilibrium and does not affect the solubility of the solid at all. With respect to Henry's law, why is it a poor ideal to open a can of soda in a low pressure environment?

When the can is opened to a lower pressure environment e. If a can of soda were opened under a lower pressure environment, this outgassing will be faster and hence more explosive and dangerous than under a high pressure environment.

Learning Objectives To understand how Temperature, Pressure, and the presence of other solutes affect the solubility of solutes in solvents. Solute-Solvent Interactions Affect Solubility The relation between the solute and solvent is very important in determining solubility.

Temperature Affects Solubility Temperature changes affect the solubility of solids, liquids and gases differently. Solids The effects of temperature on the solubility of solids differ depending on whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Le Chatelier's principle predicts that the system shifts toward the product side in order to alleviate this stress.

By shifting towards the product side, more of the solid is dissociated when equilibrium is again established, resulting in increased solubility. Le Chatelier's principle predicts that the system shifts toward the reactant side in order to alleviate this stress.

By shifting towards the reactant's side, less of the solid is dissociated when equilibrium is again established, resulting in decreased solubility. Liquids In the case of liquids, there is no defined trends for the effects of temperature on the solubility of liquids. Gases In understanding the effects of temperature on the solubility of gases, it is first important to remember that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy.

Pressure Affects Solubility of Gases The effects of pressure are only significant in affecting the solubility of gases in liquids. Gases : The effects of pressure on the solubility of gases in liquids can best be described through a combination of Henry's law and Le Chatelier principle. Henry's law dictates that when temperature is constant, the solubility of the gas corresponds to it's partial pressure. Pressure and temperature are increased? Pressure is increased but temperature is decreased?

Pressure is increased? Solution The reaction is exothermic, so an increase in temperature means that solubility would decrease. The change in solubility cannot be determined from the given information. Increasing pressure increased solubility, but increasing temperature decreases solubility An increase in pressure and an increase in temperature in this reaction results in greater solubility.

An increase in pressure results in more gas particles entering the liquid in order to decrease the partial pressure.